You can find battery tips on the web, but some of them are old and not up to date. I have collected conclusions from the latest research (for example Battery University, Google…) and for the latest versions of Android. Follow these suggestions for keeping the battery in good condition.

 
Battery status
Battery status on Android

Charging
Charging is the most important thing for keeping the battery in good condition without long-term damage.
1. Don’t use a quick changer if don’t need to. Leave a quick charger only for times when you are in a hurry. Better stay with a classic USB cable on your computer (not on a fast USB port) and charge your battery slowly.
For example, the OnePlus 5 (my review) uses fast DASH charging and it can charge up the battery from 0% to 60% in 35 minutes. Charging with a slow USB port from a computer takes some hours, but it is better for a battery.
2. If you don’t have to, try not to charge it to 100%. Li-ion battery lasts longest when operating between 30% and 80%.
3. Charging your phone occasionally and not in big charging sessions. Maybe it looks that this isn’t practical, but simply don’t think about it. Whenever you can, plug in your phone for half an hour or so. There is no memory effect in Li-ion batteries!
4. Keep your battery cool. Heat is your battery’s enemy. Remove the case if it insulates heat, don’t leave your phone in the sun…
5. Don’t keep the phone plugged in when it’s already fully charged. It keeps the battery under high stress which wears down the components/chemistry inside.
6. Use the original charger and cable. Especially if your phone uses quick charging. Most studies agree that quick charging can lead to a faster decline in the battery’s lifespan. If you have time, use normal charging with the original cable. Don’t use cheap chargers or cables. The amount of power your cable can carry is determined by the size of the wires inside – and cheaper cables use thinner wires, worse insulation, and shielding.

Remember: all batteries perform best at room temperature and with a moderate charge and discharge.

Android Settings
Battery life on your phone really depends on your usage. Especially screen brightness (usage on bright daylight!), bad signal, some battery-hungry apps and some other stuff can drain your battery fast. But the below listed Android settings can also be checked – maybe you don’t use enabled features. Their location can differ from the version of your system (hint: use search when you are in settings).
1. Disable Auto Sync
2. Turn off Notification -> Apps were Auto Updated
3. Google Play Store -> Settings -> Do not Auto update app
4. Turn Off Google Now/Assistant
5. Settings -> Google -> Search -> Voice -> Disable OK Google Detection
6. Settings -> Google -> Search -> Disable Your Feed
7. Settings -> Wi-Fi -> Settings -> Switch Off -> Smart Wifi Switcher, Scanning Always & Network Notification
8. Settings -> Location -> Scanning -> Turn off WiFi & Bluetooth Scanning
9. Turn off Bluetooth, GPS, NFC
10. Disable Gestures
11. Disable Adaptive Brightness
12. Enable Developer Options (Settings -> About phone -> tap Build number 7 times … and return back to find Developer Options).
13. Enable Doze Mode (in Developers Options)
14. Enable App Wi-Fi Multi/Broadcasting Filter
15. Set Window and Transition scale to 0.5 or None
16. Settings -> Backup & Reset -> Turn Off Backup My Data (you can turn this on occasionally)
17. Settings -> Advanced -> Recent App Management -> Normal Clear
What else?
You can check what is using your battery in Settings -> Battery. To get detailed information install a battery app with more advanced algorithms. My suggestion is BetterBatteryStats, but there are more of them. It will provide insight to wake-locks, CPU states, Network stats… to help you find an app that uses the battery without your conscience.
There are many different ROMs and kernels for Android phones. Battery life is one the most discussed topics when you read about them. Can you get better battery life with changing kernel?
Yes and no. You can read The truth about kernels and battery life from an author of one of the most popular kernels (ElementalX).But if your battery is old (even two years or more), if you charge the battery “all the time” … then in reality, you can’t expect long battery life. It is time to buy a new one. My suggestion is to buy the original. It is more expensive, but it will last longer, with better battery life and it will be safer (well, except Samsung :-)).

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